Pc Super Gelado Cpu 5ghz

Question

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen

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Record Attempt: The 5 GHz Project

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With just weeks to go to Christmas, the THG crew got together to offer our loyal readers and especially the hardcore geeks among us something really special. Our brainstorming session quickly lead to extreme overclocking. And so we began our highly complex project that required a whole lot of coordination and planning. The working title of our endeavor: The 5 GHz Project.

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This is what our set-up for 5 GHz looks like: a compressor cools the chipset and liquid nitrogen cools the CPU.

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling

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Record Attempt: The 5 GHz Project, Continued

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Only liquid nitrogen can produce ideal processor cooling - in this case from our 25 liter transport container.

Experience gathered in past investigations told us that these kind of clock rates can only be achieved on the P4 platform. Nonetheless, as we prepared for each test, we had no clear idea which clock rates would be reached in conjunction with selected components. Our last speed record is exactly a year old. Then we succeeded in getting an Intel Pentium 4/3.06 to operate stably at 4.1 GHz. A few days later we showed how an AMD AthlonXP works at 2.8 GHz. The basis for these tests was a powerful compressor cooling system from Chip-con with a few modifications. Ten months later, with the same basic configuration, we managed to overclock the first 64 bit processor on the desktop market - the AMD Athlon64 FX. The end of the flagpole was reached at 2.8 GHz. Anyone really interested in extreme overclocking should read the following articles:

[COLOR=#0000ff]Tom's Hardware Speed Project: Pentium 4, Over 3 GHz![/COLOR]
[COLOR=#0000ff]Hot Contraband: P4 With 3.6 GHz[/COLOR]
[COLOR=#0000ff]The Iceman Cometh: P4 at 4.1 GHz[/COLOR]
[COLOR=#0000ff]Prometeia: Is this the best CPU cooling system around[/COLOR]
[COLOR=#0000ff]The Athlon Cooler Cometh at 2.8 GHz and Below Zero Cool[/COLOR]http://images.tomshardware.com/2003/12/30/5_ghz_project/icecold7.jpg
An image from the preconditioning phase: it was by no means certain which clock rate we'd eventually reach

Extreme Heat Dissipation: 1600 KW Per Square Meter!

Nothing produces as much heat dissipation per square meter as a modern processor. There is certainly nothing in everyday life to compare it with. In the case of our Intel Pentium 4 (the 3.2 GHz version in our example), whose die surface comprises 112 square millimeters, the heat dissipation is up to 84 watts at maximum load. In plain English: 84 watts on a surface of 1.12 square centimeters - the size of a fingertip! Extrapolated to square meters that make 840,000 watts or 840 kW. As a point of comparison: a good household iron has maximum heat output of 2,000 watts and emits this over a surface of approx. 200 square centimeters. That adds up to 10 watts per square centimeter. Our regular 3.2 GHz P4 CPU radiates more than eight times this thermal output.

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Heat dissipation rises exponentially during extreme overclocking In the past we recorded about 135 watts using the Chip-con compressor at 4.1 GHz. Using our nitrogen cooling to break the 5 GHz sound barrier would produce peak heat dissipation of up to 180 watts emitted from a die surface area of 1.12 square centimeters. Applied to our example that means 1,600,000 watts, 1,600 kW or 1.6 MW per square meter. By this point it must be clear how important efficient processor cooling is. But with simple means there is no way around the problem. Compared to our past extreme overclocking tests, requirements on CPU cooling have risen enormously.
Video 11 To Download: 5.25 GHz With A P4

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The new THG video number 11: Cooling a Pentium 4 with liquid nitrogen and attaining a clock rate of 5.25 GHz

Our new video, number 11 in the series, has more of a theoretical nature. It shows how, by adjusting the FSB, the clock rate of a selected Pentium 4 is gradually raised to reach a record value of 5,255 MHz. The whole time, the system has to be topped up with liquid nitrogen.

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen

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Cooling Head And Pipe: Purpose-built Copper Production

It wasn't at all easy to construct a CPU cooling head matching our ideas. Experience garnered over the last weeks have shown that only a few firms are able to work solid copper and to hard-solder them to high precision. Finally the head has to withstand temperatures of up to -196&deg;C, while the processor, for its part, heats its base with high dissipation. Temperature fluctuations, after all, cause tensions that could quickly cap the connection. In the end only the firm of [COLOR=#0000ff]Basche Kupferarbeiten[/COLOR] in Munich was able to meet our requirements to complete satisfaction. In particular Mr. Christian Sirl put a great deal of effort into ensuring the CPU head was perfectly constructed.
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Manufacturing the cooling head at Basche copper works in Munich

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Traditional skilled crafts: Basche also receives orders from automobile manufacturers for customized products

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen
 
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Cooling Head And Pipe: Purpose-built Copper Production, Continued
 
The CPU heat sink forms a thin-walled copper pipe with a solid copperplate fixed to its base. This sheet is perfectly suited to the task and comes from a Xeon heat sink from Cooler Master that we dismantled. We considered a number of alternatives, none of which proved viable.
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The basis of the CPU cooling head: a Cooler Master Xeon heat sink (with solid copperplate)
 
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Solid copperplate of the Xeon heat sink from Cooler Master. Later, the fine copper elements were removed
 
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Copper pipe for the liquid nitrogen

Here the thin wall is plainly visible since a thicker wall would result in high losses

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen
 
Cooling Head And Pipe: Purpose-built Copper Production, Continued
 
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The ready cooling head just like we wanted it

Now all that remains is to polish up the base to enable optimal heat transfer
 
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Fine abrasive paper finally produces the desired effect - the contact surface to the processor is smooth enough
 
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Let's roll!
 
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The cooling head is fixed with conventional retaining clips

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen

Cooling Head And Pipe: Purpose-built Copper Production, Continued
 
http://images.tomshardware.com/2003/12/30/5_ghz_project/rohr3.jpg
The ready cooling head just like we wanted it

Now all that remains is to polish up the base to enable optimal heat transfer
 
http://images.tomshardware.com/2003/12/30/5_ghz_project/schleifen.jpg
Fine abrasive paper finally produces the desired effect - the contact surface to the processor is smooth enough
 
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Let's roll!
 
http://images.tomshardware.com/2003/12/30/5_ghz_project/kopf1.jpg
The cooling head is fixed with conventional retaining clips

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen

100 Amperes On The Switching Regulator: Modifications To The Asus P4C800-E
 
According to VRM [voltage regulator module] specifications, the voltage regulator on a modern motherboard is designed for a maximum current of almost 90 amperes. That means that sufficient safety reserves are available for normal operation - even when running the Pentium 4 3.2 EE (based on the Prestonia core in Intel's Xeon) with heat dissipation of 94 watts.
At a core voltage of 1.525 volts that means a healthy 62 amperes. In our extreme overclocking attempt to over 5 GHz, heat dissipation briefly rises to up to 180 watts - at a CPU core voltage of 1.88 volts. In plain language that means that the voltage regulator is subjected to 96 amperes. To illustrate the enormous voltages bearing down on the regulator on an extremely overloaded motherboard, consider that the mains supply in a single-family home is usually designed for just under 80 amperes - at 230 volts, mind you.
 
A glance at the voltage regulator on a normal Asus P4C800-E
 
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A glance at the voltage regulator on a modified Asus P4C800-E

View from the side: standard features

View from the side: modified
 
Asus made other changes to the CPU socket. The following images show the differences between a regular P4C800-E and our converted motherboard for extreme tweaking.
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CPU socket on the serial Asus P4C800-E
 
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CPU socket on the tweaked Asus P4C800-E
 
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Not standard: reinforced CPU socket base

Answer

5 GHz Project: CPU Cooling With Liquid Nitrogen

Preconditioning: Dual Cooling Of Northbridge And CPU
 
Before we got down to our actual record attempt, we checked the loading capacity of the materials and individual components. To do this, we placed the entire test construction in a polystyrene shell and installed it.
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Cooler than a cucumber in our custom construction: CPU cooling from Chip-con and Northbridge cooling from Asetek (Vapochill)
 
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The setting for the first attempts with the cooling head and its solid copper pipe.
 
The nitrogen has not yet been introduced...
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... now it has
 
Our transport container for the liquid nitrogen
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Answer

We're familiar with the barebones Vapochill cooler at THG: it is particularly suitable for moderate increases in processor speed. It works with a somewhat smaller compressor - compared to its rival Chip-con (Nventiv) - but also has lower power consumption.
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Preparing to assemble the Vapochill heat sink on the Northbridge
 
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The Vapochill cooling head is fixed to the Northbridge with plastic tie wraps.
 
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The separated cooling unit from the Northbridge and CPU is easy to spot in this image. The left wire goes to the compressor and the right one to the cooling head carrying liquid nitrogen
 
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The test platform still in the lab

Answer

Clock Rate Record With The P4: 5.25 GHz At -196&deg;C
 
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This is the clock rate we achieved with the P4. At this clock rate, however, benchmark tests were no longer possible.
 
The image above shows the result of the extreme overclocking. We gradually raised the FSB clock rate from 200 MHz (standard) to almost 310 MHz. Intel's marketing strategists would no doubt term this FSB1233.

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After an hour's operation, ice crystals formed on the modules around the CPU heat sink.
 
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Ice-cold: temperatures on the cooling head are now lower than -190&deg;C
 
Filling the buffer container during the test
 
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Pouring the liquid nitrogen into the CPU cooling head

Answer

Highspeed: FSB At 330 MHz, Memory At 285 MHz (DDR550)
 
An important aspect of overclocking is the ratio between the FSB and memory speeds. As revealed in our trials over the last few weeks, in synchronous operation (FSB and memory clocks are identical), the DDR550 memory now available can reach a maximum 285 MHz. Since we only had P4 processors with a fixed multiplier (multiplier lock), it was necessary to substantially raise the FSB speed to achieve a clock rate beyond the 5000 MHz mark. Current P4 CPUs run at a standard 200 MHz. In order to achieve a clock rate of 5 GHz, we needed an FSB speed of 294 MHz.
Note: A multiplier between 2.0 and 17.0 was allowed on the selected P4 CPU with the best features. That meant that from the outset synchronous operation of FSB and memory speed was not an option. Added to which, there are no memory modules on the market that permit this kind of clock rate. By adjusting the speed ratio to 3:2 (FSB to memory) we were able to operate the Corsair modules (DDR550) at 5255 MHz with 206 MHz.
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The absolute limit: Corsair's DDR550 memory at 285 MHz in CL3 mode
 
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Scarce. We took it: DDR550 memory from Corsair.
 
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1 GB of memory (DDR550) for extreme overclocking
 
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Part of the preconditioning phase: FSB clock rate 330 MHz - and the system is stable!

Answer

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The Same Still Applies: Selective CPU Buying

The standard P4 from 3 GHz (FSB800) is designed for a core voltage of 1.525 volts. The rule is that the signal quality within the CPU deteriorates as speed rises. By gradually increasing the voltage, the transistors' switching behavior improves and higher clock rates are possible. That, however, means that some transistors are run outside of specifications with the result that their life expectancy sinks dramatically. In addition, raising the voltage increases power input and quadruples heat dissipation. The effect is immediate: the processor becomes extremely hot when running and needs powerful customized cooling.
In the lab, it was shown that a core voltage above 1,880 volts did not produce any stability gains.

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Conclusion: 5.25 GHz - Liquid Nitrogen Cools The P4 To A New Speed Record

We set our sights pretty high for this test: the THG team set out to squeeze at least 5 GHz from the selected Intel P4. In the run-up we tested 10 different P4 CPUs for their overclocking potential. We also used a painstakingly modified Asus motherboard (P4C800-E) that featured a four-phase voltage regulator to allow for extreme voltages. The serial product only has a three-phase regulator. Nonetheless, almost 90 amperes are possible at top load, according to the VRM specs. When seriously overclocking the CPU, we recorded a current of 96 amperes, which even stretched the potential of the modified voltage regulator on the Asus P4C800-E.
Finally, by gradually increasing FSB speed from 200 MHz (factory setting) to 309 MHz, we achieved a record speed of 5255 MHz. The fixed multiplier caused problems on all of the P4 CPUs we examined. That meant that from the outset synchronous operation of FSB and memory speed was not an option. When all's said and done, there is no DDR memory around that can be operated at 309 MHz. As a result of the 3:2 split (FSB to memory), we were able to reduce memory speed to 206 MHz. This meant Corsair's two DDR550 modules had enough air - previously we recorded the maximum possible clock rate at 285 MHz (CL3 mode). As a point of comparison: synchronous operation at 285 MHz would result in a CPU clock rate of 4875 MHz - not enough for our needs by far. That said, we were also forced to recognize that memory performance in asynchronous mode sank by around 15 percent against synchronous operation. It just shows that you can't rely just on the processor clock rate for getting the most out of your system.
At full load, taking into account a maximum CPU heat dissipation of just under 175 watts, we recorded a temperature of approx. -190&deg;C on the CPU cooling head. A record score that has yet to be beaten by any vaporizer system.
And another observation for fans of extreme overclocking: our test system was absolutely stable at a clock rate of 4700 MHz.
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Teamwork is everything: everyone had plenty to do during the test

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TUDO E POSSIVEL:cool:

Answer

MARAVILHA
:p

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PODEM COMENTAR:cool:

Answer

isso me parece ser antigo..........

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